Can Teenage Pregnancy Prevent Academic and Professional Progress in Nigeria - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2379 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Teenage Pregnancy Essay Did you like this example? Adolescence is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Although, the order of many of the changes appears to be universal, their timing and the speed of the change vary among and even individuals. Both the characteristics of an individual and external factors influence these changes (WHO, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Can Teenage Pregnancy Prevent Academic and Professional Progress in Nigeria?" essay for you Create order According to Wikipedia definition, adolescent stage represents a transition from childhood to physical and psychological maturing that generally occurs during the period of puberty to legal adulthood. The end of adolescence varies by country; however, each country has to take full cognisance of this sensitive phase of development. According to World Health Organisation (WHO, 1997), teenagers fall between the ages of 10-19 years. Surveys by researchers such as Briggs (2001), Onuzulike (2003) and more revealed that teenagers become sexually active at an early age with equivalent high fertility. Teenage pregnancy has become a global challenge to contend with, it occurs in high, middle and low-income countries. From the first world countries such as the United States to the third world countries, this delinquent has been a source of concern for policy makers, social workers, and other human service providers due to its negative aftermaths on the girl-child (Grunseit, 2007). The malady carries greater risks of adverse consequences as much as for young mothers as for the child. According to WHO (2018), over the years the global teenage birth rates have reduced from 65 births per 1000 women in 1990 to 47 births per 100 women in 2015. However, because of the increase in global population of adolescence, forecasts indicate that the number of adolescence pregnancies will increase globally by 2030 with African countries making the pace for other continents to follow. Africa countries have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the world. Teenage birth rates range from a high of 115 births per 1000 women in West Africa to 64 births per 1000 women in Latin America and the Caribbean to 45 births per 1000 women in South-Western Asia to a low of 7 births per 1000 women in Eastern Asia (UNFPA, 2018). In 2017, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reported that in Nigeria, almost 31 percent of recorded childbirths occurred to teenagers before the age of 18. The state of affairs is worse in the rural areas where 38.2 percent teenage births were recorded, even with poor statistical computation in the region as a result of data paucity. It is more disheartening to note that the northern region in Nigeria has the highest prevalence of early childbearing. Source: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2017); compilation by author Teenage pregnancies are predominant in countries driven by poverty, lack of employment opportunities and education. According to Molosiwa and Moswela (2012), school girls pregnancy is an international crisis that affects the social economic welfare of countries, societies, and families at large because it is one, if not the leading cause of school dropout for female students. Education is recognised globally as a basic human right. Article 26 of Human Rights Charter (HRC) asserts that everyone has the right to education and that it should be free at least in the elementary and fundamental stage of schooling (HRC, 1984). Also, Educational Economists have a common belief that educational development would lead to accelerated economic growth, more wealth and income distribution, greater equality of opportunity, availability of skilled human power, a decline in population growth, long life, better health outcomes, low crimes rates, national unity, and political stability (Schultz, 2002). However, Teenage motherhood in developing countries continues to constrain girls and young women from participating in education (Eloudou-Enyegue; 2004). The ancient belief that a girl-child is not worthy to be formally trained is going into extinction in Nigeria and Africa, however, with the alarming rate of teen births in the continent, educational attainment has been slim. Teenage birth is disruptive to the educational process of girls and as a result, many teenage mothers drop out of school and never return while some that return have poor grades. Educated girls are less likely to become pregnant because education translates to high self-esteem and good standards or principles of lifestyle (UNFPA, 2013). According to the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) in 2017, 52.5% of adolescents that gave birth before age 18 in Nigeria has no form of education, 13.1% are secondary school holders while only 3.0% have attained higher education. So, from the reports it is glaring that well-educated girl-child rarely get pregnant. This study is carried out to investigate if teenage pregnancy can prevent academic and professional progress. The study is divided into sections; section 2 contains the factors that necessitate teenage pregnancy, section 3 entails the challenges of teenage pregnancies in Nigeria. Section 4 entails review of literature, section 5 includes research method, section 6 is results and discussion and lastly, section 7 entails the conclusions and recommendations. Factors That Leads to Teenage Pregnancy According to United Nations International Children Emergency Funds (UNICEF, 2018) in developing countries, over one in four women (27 percent) aged 20-24 years have had a live birth before age 18. Similar proportions are observed in Sub-Saharan Africa, this represents about 12 million women in less developed countries who delivered during their adolescence age. Recently, African countries have the highest teen pregnancy rates in the Universe. In most of the affected countries, the major causes of subsequent teenage pregnancies are teenage marriages, burdens of malnutrition, famine, war and pestilence which are rampant across several countries that make the top list of this malady (World atlas, 2017). It is now a known fact that birth rates among women with low education are higher than those with secondary or tertiary education. In many societies, girls are often under intense pressure to marry and bear children early and this may be due to the fact that they have limited educational and employment prospects (Beutel, 2000). To reaffirm the importance of education, Brosh and Evans (2007) asserted that education is a major protective factor against early pregnancy, as more years of schooling would imply delayed marriage and reduced teenage pregnancies. Source: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2017); compilation by author Also, some parents are not free to thoroughly discuss sex with their children, they feel they are too little to learn about their sexuality. Most parents in developing countries find it hard to communicate with the children about their sexuality and most often times limit their knowledge about their body as an excretive system. Okafor (1997) revealed ignorance of sexual knowledge as one of the factors responsible for pregnancies among teenagers. He added that adolescents in secondary schools have low knowledge regarding sex and sexuality. More so, Nwosu (2005) observed that adolescents face many risks ranging from unwanted pregnancies, HIV and AIDs, other STIs, sexual exploitation, yet they receive inadequate information to help them navigate this difficult passage to adulthood. Nwosu asserts that teens need access to specific information about how their bodies work and how to keep their bodies safe as well as information about sexual behaviour and its consequences. She maintained th at information about sexuality should be imparted to teenagers in order to help them avoid unwanted pregnancies. Countries where sexual violence is rampant will surely see an incessant rise in the rate of teen births. Sexual violence is one of the root causes of teenage pregnancy in the world and in most developing countries. Maynard (1997) believes that teenage pregnancy is a delinquent behaviour resulting from stress, dislike, malice, boredom, and unhappiness experienced by a teenage girl within her home environment. More factors like drugs, peer pressure, upbringing, media, internet and the likes can be allocated to the causes of teenage pregnancy in the Nigeria, developing countries and the World at large. Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy According to United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA, 2013) teenage pregnancies have irreparable consequences. It violates the rights of girls with life threatening consequences in terms of sexual and reproductive health and as well poses high development costs for countries particularly in perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Teenage pregnancy also affects girls education and income potential as many are forced to drop out of school which ultimately threatens future opportunities and economic prospects. McCauley-Brown (2005) asserts that those teenage mothers who experience difficulties at school have less motivation to stay in school. Chilisa (2002) stated that a pregnant school girl meets with one of the three outcomes; expulsion from school, re-entry and continuation. Each of the three options faced by the pregnant teenager has both principled and practical difficulties. The expulsion policy violates the human rights of the girls-child and robs the country of a possible resource. However, the robbery of possible resource is not of concern to countries like Uganda and Tanzania that already placed a legal ban from school on teenage mothers. A major consequence of these increase sexual activities among teenagers is out of wedlock pregnancies that may result in abortion, childbirth or even death. It is suggested that school dropout is a distinctively prognostic of teenage pregnancy and a precursor, rather than a consequence of becoming pregnant (Bonell et al. 2004). Perhaps, difficulties with school are accounted in three inter-linked ways; first, a strong dislike of school that leads to truancy, dropping out or formal exclusion (Hosie, 2007); second, lack of educational attainment (Hoberaft and Kieman, 1999); and third, low aspiration and expectations of the education system as being relevant for their future employment (Luker, 1996). Girls who become pregnant at age 14 or below are more likely to experience premature delivery, low infant birth weight, perinatal mortality and other severe health challenges in new-borns (WHO, 2011). In 2011 Demographic and Health Survey, 15 to 23 percent of female youths or teenage girls between 15 and 23 have had an abortion greatly increasing the risk of disability and death for pregnant adolescents. Also, teenage parents with little or no family support are likely to face a future of poverty and hardship with their children (Price Hyde, 2009). An earlier research carried out by Bigerlow, Danielsen (2004), stated that many children of teenage mothers develop into troubled young adults, prone to negative behaviours such as dropping out of school, drug addiction, depression, or antisocial behaviours. This implies teenage pregnancy can lead to more crime rates if not put to check. Review of Literature In most cases, teenage pregnancy affects the educational attainment of teenagers, however, Grant Hallman (2006) found out that there is no simple cause-and-effect link between teenage pregnancy and underachievement. Although, they agreed it is often the case that pregnancy negatively affects the educational performance of teenagers. For example, teenage pregnancy often leads to the loss of time to learn, stating it happens in three ways. Firstly, the pregnant teenagers take time off school to attend antenatal clinics (Grant Hallman, 2006). Secondly, pregnancy in teenagers is associated with significant health, emotional and social difficulties which either force students to miss school or affect their ability to concentrate and learn (Grant Hallman, 2006; Klein, 2005; Miller, 2001). Lastly, once the baby is born, the teenage mother needs to spend time parenting the baby (Grant Hallman, 2006). Klein (2005) asserts that young mothers often have poor parenting skills, so, they tend to take much longer than older mothers to learn how to respond appropriately to the babys needs. Consequently, they lose time to focus on their educational activities, which in turn leads to academic underachievement and failure. Cater and Spear (2002) and Klein (2005) state that teenage mothers often do not receive enough support from their partners who in many cases are adult men. There is a strong relationship between teenage pregnancy and academic failure in that teenage pregnancy affects educational achievement of teenagers themselves as well as that of their children (Spear Cater, 2002, p. 66). Smith-Battle (2007) showed that teenage mothers usually re-evaluate their focus and educational attainment goal once they are pregnant despite their earlier attitudes towards school. According to Kirchengast (2009) children born to teenage mothers have low cognitive and educational ability which affects their performance in school. Kaufman (2000) asserts that both pregnancy and parenting are the leading reason girls give for dropping out of school. Also, teenage mothers are less likely than their peers to participate in tertiary education and get professional jobs (Mangiaterra et al., 2008). Contrary to these studies, Breheny Stephens (2007) argues that motherhood is a challenge requiring support and community involvement regardless of the mothers age and socio-economic position and further propose that different social structure could be used to support motherhood occurring at any point in the life course, so that motherhood could be successfully combined with education and employment in any order. Also, according to Pearton (1999), adolescents are mostly too young and emotionally immature when they first fall pregnant, therefore, if these young girls are to succeed academically it is important to provide adequate support. It appears like, it is not the pregnancy that is the main bone of contention, but the way the pregnancy is received by the teenager and the parents or guardians, and the supports they get. According to Ferguson Woodward (2000), if teenage mothers continue with their schooling after delivery and they receive enough support, they can manage to complete their secondary education and enrol for tertiary qualifications. Grant and Hallman (2006) also found that the academic success of the teenage mothers depends on the availability of a care-giver at home. More so, Grant and Hallman (2006) found that it is other factors such as poverty and academic motivation before pregnancy that determines teenage mothers academic performance after they have delivered their baby. Potjo (2012) concluded that if teenage mothers have enough resources and skills to balance between parenting and schooling, they are as likely to succeed as those who are not pregnant. However, Panday et al. (2009) carried out a survey and found that girls who have experienced a teenage pregnancy are allowed to remain in school and to return to school after they have delivered their baby, only about a third of teenage mothers actually return to school. In strengthen the arguments on supports, Undiyaundeye (2012) found out that a pregnant girl faces the trauma of parents and peers confrontation. Some parents become livid and fail to give support for the preservation of the girl and the unborn baby. From peers and other people, they most times fault the girl and her family of being negligence and disgraceful. A teenage mother faces multiple traumas: loss of respect from friends and associates, rejection by parents and sometimes rejection by the man or boy responsible for the pregnancy. In Nigeria, there has not been much research carried out concerning how teenage pregnancy prevents the academic and professional progress of the teenage. However, there have been numerous researches done to explicitly investigate the causes, consequences, effects, and the preventive measures of teenage pregnancy (Undiyaundeye et al., 2012, 2015; Alabi et al., 2017; Nnodim et al., 2016).

Management And Leadership Of A Wound Care Nurse Essay

Management and Leadership of a Wound Care Nurse According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2.5 million patients are affected by pressure ulcers and incur costs anywhere from $9.1 billion to $11.6 billion per year in the United States (AHRQ, 2014). As of October 1, 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) will not reimburse hospitals for cases in which the pressure ulcer was acquired after admission (CMS, 2008). Because of this high cost, the number of patients affected each year, and insurances no longer reimbursing hospital acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU), an accurate skin assessment upon admission is critical to reduce costs, ease pain in patients, and lower incidences of pressure ulcers. This paper will address what leadership and management skills and functions are required of a wound care nurse who identifies a problem with the accuracy of skin assessments on newly admitted patients. 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Me And Roommate Essay Example For Students

Me And Roommate Essay Dear New Roommate, It is hard for me to describe myself to you in simple words. I can tell you that I am an energetic and compassionate person, but what does that tell you? I would rather show you who I am by telling you what my hopes and dreams are, what the driving force in my life is, and this will lead you to understand who I really am, as a person. Only when you get to know these things about me is when you really start to understand what type of person I really am, not just the fact that I am a blond twenty-two-year-old that wants to be a teacher. To make the difference in the lives of children is such an important goal to me. I remember when I was in elementary school, I adored my teachers, they were the world to me. I always felt special and successful because of the love, support and knowledge that my elementary teachers gave to me. I long to give back to children what I was so lucky to receive from my teachers as a child. This has been a major factor in my strive to become an elementary school teacher. By giving children the love, support and education they need, they have a greater chance of living a solid, stable and productive life. What is most important to remember is that children are our future. My journey to become a teacher started as early as Junior High. I started baby-sitting the children in my neighborhood when I was in seventh grade. I loved spending time with children, and by the time I was in high-school, I had many permanent baby-sitting jobs throughout Ojai, the small town we live in. Even when I moved away to San Luis Obispo, to go to college, I never gave up caring for children. I quickly found a nanny job watching two young girls while I was in San Luis Obispo, which I kept for two years. Although these were only small side jobs, they meant much more. I spent hours outside of work going to school plays, soccer games, and dance recitals of the various children that I baby-sat. The real motivation to become a teacher came to me when I started working at a Christian preschool and daycare when I moved back to Ojai. I have worked at Noah’s Ark as a licensed daycare teacher for the past two years. Some of my responsibilities included ensuring the safety of the children, supervising them at play, homework club, creating the curriculum and daily activities for the children, and equally important, loving and nurturing the children while they are in my care. Noah’s Ark has provided me with the opportunity to work with a diverse population of children. I have worked with low-income families on scholarships, physically disabled children, and students with emotional problems. Children from all ethnic backgrounds attend Noah’s Ark and each one has brought their unique culture into the program. This has been a great learning experience for me. It has helped me gain patience, understanding and leadership abilities as well as learning about new cultures. I have a high inner drive to begin my teaching car eer. I am very energetic and motivated in all that I do. Children are very special to me and I love working with children from all cultures and backgrounds. I feel that by pushing the idea of having a diverse class, that the students themselves can potentially create a unique and enriching learning experience for themselves. I feel that through each other, the children can learn about history, traditions, and the cultures of other people. This, in turn, will ideally create a more tolerant, loving classroom situation, and hopefully this tolerance will go much further than the classroom doors. I think that California Lutheran University is the perfect school to help me reach the goals that I have set for myself. I want to be in a school that will give me a broad-based education. I feel that the people at Cal Lutheran, both students and faculty are deeply aware of today’s most important issues. I also love the fact that, through Cal Lutheran, I can become involved in many differ ent volunteer groups that deal with children. I enjoy the idea that Cal Lutheran is such a small school and from the dealings with Gloria Lopez, as well as the other admissions staff, I feel that I have been given a lot of special attention and consideration because of the fact that the ratios are so small. BibliographyDear New Roommate, It is hard for me to describe myself to you in simple words. I can tell you that I am an energetic and compassionate person, but what does that tell you? I would rather show you who I am by telling you what my hopes and dreams are, what the driving force in my life is, and this will lead you to understand who I really am, as a person. Only when you get to know these things about me is when you really start to understand what type of person I really am, not just the fact that I am a blond twenty-two-year-old that wants to be a teacher. To make the difference in the lives of children is such an important goal to me. I remember when I was in elementary school, I adored my teachers, they were the world to me. I always felt special and successful because of the love, support and knowledge that my elementary teachers gave to me. I long to give back to children what I was so lucky to receive from my teachers as a child. This has been a major factor in my strive to become an elementary school teacher. By giving children the love, support and education they need, they have a greater chance of living a solid, stable and productive life. What is most important to remember is that children are our future. My journey to become a teacher started as early as Junior High. I started baby-sitting the children in my neighborhood when I was in seventh grade. I loved spending time with children, and by the time I was in high-school, I had many permanent baby-sitting jobs throughout Ojai, the small town we live in. Even when I moved away to San Luis Obispo, to go to college, I never gave up caring for children. I quickly found a nanny job watching two young girls while I was in San Luis Obispo, which I kept for two years. Although these were only small side jobs, they meant much more. I spent hours outside of work going to school plays, soccer games, and dance recitals of the various children that I baby-sat. The real motivation to become a teacher came to me when I started working at a Christian preschool and daycare when I moved back to Ojai. I have worked at Noah’s Ark as a licensed daycare teacher for the past two years. Some of my responsibilities included ensuring the safety of the children, supervising them at play, homework club, creating the curriculum and daily activities for the children, and equally important, loving and nurturing the children while they are in my care. Noah’s Ark has provided me with the opportunity to work with a diverse population of children. I have worked with low-income families on scholarships, physically disabled children, and students with emotional problems. Children from a ll ethnic backgrounds attend Noah’s Ark and each one has brought their unique culture into the program. This has been a great learning experience for me. It has helped me gain patience, understanding and leadership abilities as well as learning about new cultures. I have a high inner drive to begin my teaching career. I am very energetic and motivated in all that I do. Children are very special to me and I love working with children from all cultures and backgrounds. I feel that by pushing the idea of having a diverse class, that the students themselves can potentially create a unique and enriching learning experience for themselves. I feel that through each other, the children can learn about history, traditions, and the cultures of other people. This, in turn, will ideally create a more tolerant, loving classroom situation, and hopefully this tolerance will go much further than the classroom doors. I think that California Lutheran University is the perfect school to help me reach the goals that I have set for myself. I want to be in a school that will give me a broad-based education. I feel that the people at Cal Lutheran, both students and faculty are deeply aware of today’s most important issues. I also love the facAcceptance Essays .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .postImageUrl , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:hover , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:visited , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:active { border:0!important; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:active , .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8666988cccdd579585cddf5651bedb9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Animals be Kept in Zoos? 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Major Subculture in Bangledesh free essay sample

Culture is part of the external influences that impact the consumer. That is, culture represents influences that are imposed on the consumer by other individuals. The definition of culture offered in one textbook is That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man person as a member of society. Culture has several important characteristics 1) Culture is comprehensive. This means that all parts must fit together in some logical fashion. 2) Culture is learned rather than being something we are born with. Culture is manifested within boundaries of acceptable behavior. 4) Conscious awareness of cultural standards is limited. 5) Cultures fall somewhere on a continuum between static and dynamic depending on how quickly they accept change. Culture can be further divided into subcultures. Ones race, religion, age, geographical location, gender (male/female) and class are all ways subcultures can be established. The members of specific subculture possess beliefs, values, and customers that set them apart from other members of the same society. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Subculture in Bangledesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, they adhere to most of the dominant cultural beliefs, values, and behavioral tatters of the larger society. So then we can define subculture, as a distinct cultural group that exists as an identifiable segment within a larger, more complex society. A marketer can segment or define subculture within a culture by using so many dividing factors. Those factors are, 1 . Religions (Hindu, Muslim, Christian etc) 2. Age (Teens, Middle age, Elderly) 3. Singles (Unmarried or divorced) 4. Gender (Male, Female) 5. Occupations (Teacher, Garments Workers, farmers etc) 6.Social Class ( Upper, Middle, Lower etc) 7. Location Us vestures of Bangladesh With almost 1 60 millions of population Bangladesh have a very versatile and unique culture. With very small amount of land Bangladesh have so many subculture within its unified culture. We saw an average person from Barista will probably show attitude for savings while a person from old Dacha may frequently borrow money to spend in delicious foods. That is the difference in attitude and their subculture. We can find these types of difference among people in Bangladesh from many angle and all of them define a subculture. In this paper we will concentrate on only major subcultures of Bangladesh, will discuss their characteristic and marketers approaches towards those vestures. 1. Subculture on the basis Of Religions: Well Bangladesh is a Muslim dominated country. About 88 percent of its population is Muslim. So it makes a very big subculture. In general Bangladesh Muslims are moderate in nature. They obey rules of Islam and try hard to follow them. So for marketers it is a very common to attach Islamic sentiment with their products and people will do rest. For example some years back Key Cosmetics introduce Hall soap.People dont think about this much and rush to buy the soap. For some period of time that product occupies the majority of market. 2. Factory worker in Saver, Tong and Usually region: In those area Bangladesh have an export processing zone (DEEP) and lots of other factory, especially in garment and garment related area. So there are lots of workers live in those areas. That makes a big and interesting subculture. These people mostly earn around seven or eight thousand take each in month. They have to send some portion of money back home. So with very little amount of money to spend in hand this class demand something different.They have no option to live an easy life. For example four or five people lived in shared room, not in house. It reduces their house rent. They buy necessary produce mostly on daily basis. They want to spend as less as possible. So for marketers it is very challenging to attend their demands. They came with small and cheap version Of their product. Like someone can hardly find a big restaurant like what we see in Diamonds or Goulash. The houses made there in a manner to accommodate as most as possible people. Products like soap, shampoo, oil etc are in small and cheap version. Shops are also small in nature. 3.Families of non Resident Bangladesh: Almost around 7 to 8 millions Bangladesh lived abroad. And large part of them is in Middle East. And all most everyones family live back in Bangladesh. These families make a big subculture. Their family members work abroad and send money in a frequent manner. Few years back there were no easy and safe way to send money back in Bangladesh. But as the demand increase now there are lots of safe and legal ways to send money. Like BRAT banks bash, Dutch Bangle Banks mobile banking, branches of state and private owned banks, Western Unions monogram etc. Communication is still very demanding position.People use illegal POI calls to reduce the cost. To gain attention in this service companies now offers very low priced services. 4. Youth Generation (Especially between ages 16 -23): These peoples normally are students. They go to colleges and universities. They pose their unique characteristics. They like to spend more and more time with friends. They love to go out. These peoples are most likely internet people. A big portion of Internet user in our country comes from this group. Their preferences, likeness, attitude toward same produce etc changes very frequently. At sometime there was a trend of drinking energy drinks.But that trend now likely slows down. Now getting smart phones is becoming new trend. So for marketers this group is very challenging as well as profitable. Marketer must have to up-to-date with current trends and should have the ability to guess the future trends. Almost everyday we see new promotional offers from cell phone service providers. They are basically trying to attract this group. On every festival we saw there are numerous new fashions or new dress came into market. Almost all, for youth generation. Marketer sense they want hi-tech product in low price. And marketers offers do so.That why now we can afford a smart phone in nearly four thousand take. 5. Singles Living in Towns: For various reasons lots of people in Bangladesh have to live far from there home and family. And most of them live in towns. Now these peoples make a quite unique group. They face lots of difficulties to arrange house for living. Have face problems in arranging foods/meals. These are the major two problems single persons face. Now we see in big cities there are houses only for singles. But number of this type of houses is very little. Peoples have to manage house worker to cook or simply have to eat in restaurant.But from my experience I have seen there is a system grown in old Dacha to supply food to this type of people. Two times in everyday some people distribute cooked food in food box. There is a monthly arrangement. Who order food pay monthly payments in advance, and cook will deliver foods at his address. Normally a single cook takes order for 25-30 people and within very small area. Now this idea of food us ply is spreading. Some corporate farm has started business Of supplying food to single peoples. And from my point of view this will be one of the successful business ideas in future.

The Seizure Of Trumps Jet Essays - Libertarian Theory,

The Seizure Of Trump's Jet The Seizure of Trump's Jet The question has been presented: Would it be right for a government to impound and sell one of Donald Trump's many Learjets in order to pay for a life saving cancer treatment? A restatement of this question may be : Would it be right for the government to seize the property of any man in order to benefit the society at large? The answer to this question is not a simple one. The inquiry immediately brings to light several layered questions concerning the matter. One might look first into the natural rights of man. What rights does man have according to nature? Secondly, one must consider the rights of a man as part of a society or one who has entered into a social contract. The third aspect up for observation is the code of the particular society of which that man is a part, in this case the United States of America. Each of these views compounded might yield an accurate picture on whether or not an action of the sort, seizure of private property for the public good, would be right, m orals not taken into account. However, with morals taken into consideration, the complexity of attaining an answer may compound with every moral theory. Several people have attempted to answer the above questions among them Rousseau, the writers of French Revolutionary documents, the authors of the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution, and Hume in the context of morality. All persons seem to agree that man is born with some semblance of natural rights though they disagree on exactly what these rights are and their relevance. They also see the need for society and social contracts, yet they argue the point on exactly what should be included in such contracts and their conditions. Hume writes as to whether such things are moral. The United States Declaration of Independence, The Social Contract and Discourse on the origin of Inequality of Rousseau, and the Rousseau influenced French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen all seem to agree that man is born with certain faculties. However, the agreement stops with that assertion. The Declaration of Independence states, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights... The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen similarly states, Men are born, and always continue, free and equal in respect of their right. The two documents assert that man is not born only as a free being, but as equal to all other men. In respect of this freedom and equality, there are rights that must naturally be given to man. Rousseau denies such claims. He agrees that man is born free, but he is not necessarily born equal to all others. Rousseau writes in the beginning o f his Discourse, I conceive of two kinds of inequality in the human species: one which I call natural or physical, because it is established by nature and consists in the difference of age, health, bodily strength, and qualities of mind or soul(Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, p37-38). The statement implies that men are in fact not created equally, so should they be allowed the same natural rights? According to Rousseauean thought, this question is almost negligent. Man in the state of nature operates on the sole purpose of trying to survive. He is unconcerned with others, not in the sense that he is cruel, but in that he has limited contact as he in not a member of a society. The concept of rights as man knows them now is not natural, but a convention of society. Rousseau's exploration of property rights further establishes such rights as products of society. Man began possessing only his labor , according to Rousseau. Through this he came to claim land as his own, It is labor alone that, in giving the cultivator a right to the product of the soil he has tilled, consequently gives him this right, at least until the harvest, and thus from year to year. With this continuing possession uninterrupted, it is easily transferred

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies Isaac Kolevski RLGN 201 Professor Howe 11/21 /16 Reflection 5 Vodou locates fault not inside persons (which by rendering them evil exposes them to harsh moral proselytism if not persecution or destruction for their own good) but in relationships between persons in the social field. As a healing medium, vodou seeks to dissolve whatever is holding people in hostile and antagonistic relations. It may be quite extreme in this work on unblocking, heating up the contradictions, conflicts, and inconsistencies within a person or in the social setting - disorienting, shocking at times - in order to create a liberating and revealing excitement. In Brown's account, vodou is the paradigmatic idiom by which a poor, politically oppressed, economically marginalized people live their lives with grace, dignity, and compassion in the spaces between the absolutes composed by intellectuals of more politically powerful and materially comfortable regimes. (Orsi,196) In this passage , Orsi is detailing a method of ethical evaluation and the study of causal relationships between ethics and social factors. Vodou is a Hattian method of healing and understanding that emphasizes aspects of humans and the individual person's relationship to society as being unique and diverse. Orsi applies this thinking as well as deductions about this religion by an anthropologist named Karen McCarthy Brown to discuss a different approach to religious study and thought than what much of America participates in. This alternative that he proposes does not demonize an individual that has transgressed or offended society, but focuses on the relations that individual has with society; economically, politically and intellectually. Through this method of study the offender is not torn apart or cast as an outlier by the public, but rather looks at how environmental factors led to the transgression that this individual committed. Taking on a vodou frame of thought, one would realize that the offenders are generally marginalized, alienated or feeling powerless in their life that is dominated by a group they are not a part of. This alienation fuels actions by individuals that can seem heinous or unable to be understood by the general public. Orsi wants to identify cause and effect relationships in these actions and how systematic oppression, religious contradictions and other points of conflict an individual will experience. This passage relates to a struggle of limiting bias and blame in religious study while still pursuing accurate understanding of faith and human action. This is a method that has not necessarily been addressed in class before. Orsi like other thinkers, does not want the "bad" in religion to be written off or covered up in religious study, but the sociological approach Orsi takes is somewhat different than other thinkers. Looking at religion as a way to cope with unfairness in life would fit this school of thought well. Fringe thinkers and extremists fit into this well as those who take action to regain their "fairness" or power that society has deprived them of. Extremists can exploit discontent in other people to build a following and structure followers' thoughts into a state where radical actions are likely to take place. In religious studies, specifically fringe or cult religion, the way of thinking that Orsi and Brown put forth seems to be a beneficial tool t o promote clarity .

Promotion campaign for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski Assignment

Promotion campaign for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski - Assignment Example The report would involve several criteria to select promotional tools, and goal setting programmes performing the role of a sustainable marketing plan. The prime intention of conducting this report will emphasise on increasing the annual turnover of the company’s crystal business which recently was recorded to surpass its EUR 2 billion benchmark in the year 2010. In the year 2011, the company was recorded to earn revenue of EUR 2.22 billion from this particular business segment attaining around 10% growth. Notably, this segment can be regarded as the most competent one with further growth prospects which is aimed to attain a growth rate of 15% in the fiscal year of 2012. Hence, this particular objective can be attained with due significance to effective and aggressive promotions of Swarovski’s seasonal collections which is quite famous worldwide and tends to attract the fashion lovers from the elite groups all around the world. Swarovski’s target customers, speci fically for the campaign regarding their Spring Collection, are observed to be the young people of the society and the niche sector. It is due to the fact that most of the products under the latest collection are designed in a manner which is more attractive to the young generation and tends to satisfy their desires regarding fashionable accessories to a large extent. Moreover, the price and the features of the products are mostly preferred by the niche fashion lover people of the society who can be stated as the secondary targeted customer group for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski. ... Hence, this particular objective can be attained with due significance to effective and aggressive promotions of Swarovski’s seasonal collections which is quite famous worldwide and tends to attract the fashion lovers from the elite groups all around the world. 2.0 Stakeholders Analysis 2.1. Customer Analysis Swarovski’s target customers, specifically for the campaign regarding their Spring Collection, are observed to be the young people of the society and the niche sector. It is due to the fact that most of the products under the latest collection are designed in a manner which is more attractive to the young generation and tends to satisfy their desires regarding fashionable accessories to a large extent. Moreover, the price and the features of the products are mostly preferred by the niche fashion lover people of the society who can be stated as the secondary targeted customer group for the Spring Collection 2012 of Swarovski. Furthermore, Swarovski also targets the teenage group as its target customer group offering a versatile blend of designs and colours in the crystal products (Swarovski, 2012). It is in this regards, that the promotional campaign will be planned taking into concern the preferences of the young generation as the majority proportion of the targeted customers of Swarovski tend to belong from this market segment. The campaign will thus fundamentally focus on the young customers of the urban areas between the age-group of 15 years (i.e. the teenage group) to the age group of 27 (i.e. the young generation). Moreover, as the product range tends to focus on the female section of the targeted population to a large extent, the promotional campaign will also be developed taking this certain fact